Femoral Artery Stent

A femoral stent is a small wire mesh tube that is used to hold open a femoral artery that has been narrowed by artery disease (atherosclerosis). The femoral arteries carry blood to the legs. The femoral artery divides into the superficial and deep femoral arteries as it travels down the thigh.

Atherosclerosis is a disease that affects the blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is caused by fatty, cholesterol deposits that begin within the blood vessel wall and eventually progress to cause narrowing of the blood vessel itself. This narrowing can block blood flow through the artery.

To begin a femoral stenting procedure, a thin guide wire is inserted into a small incision in the upper thigh. This process is usually visualized using x-rays and a special dye that helps reveal the arteries. This guide wire is carefully inserted into the femoral artery and guided through until it reaches the narrowed artery. Then a thin tube with a balloon at its tip (called a balloon catheter) is inserted over the guide wire until it reaches the femoral artery. The balloon is then inflated inside the narrowed artery. This pushes the artery walls open and this is called angioplasty. The balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed. Another balloon catheter with a collapsed stent over the balloon is then inserted over the guide wire. Once in place, the balloon is inflated. The stent is expanded by the balloon. The balloon is deflated and the stent remains in place. The catheter and guidewire are then removed.

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