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Intervertebral discs are fibro-cartilaginous discs that lie between the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic, and lumber regions of the body. Their primary purpose is to provide shock absorption between adjacent vertebrae. They also act as cartilaginous joints, enabling mobility in the spine. There are a total of twenty-three intervertebral discs in the spinal column. Each disc is composed two main layers: an outer fibrous layer made of concentric layers of fibrocartilage, referred to as the annulus fibrosis; and an inner soft, pulpy layer called the nucleus pulposus.
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Ankle ReplacementThe ankle joint surfaces are formed by the tibia, fibula and talus. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.
Certain…
Elbow ReplacementThe elbow joint surfaces are made up of the humerus, radius, and ulna. The joint surfaces are covered by cartilage.…
Finger ReplacementThe finger joint surfaces are formed by the proximal phalanx and metacarpal bones. The surfaces are covered by…
Hip ReplacementThe hip joint is a ball and socket joint formed by the pelvis and femur (thigh bone). The joint surfaces are covered by…
Disc ReplacementThe spine is made up of bones called vertebrae. The space between each vertebra is filled by an intervertebral disc…
Knee ReplacementThe knee joint surfaces are formed by the femur, tibia, and patella (not shown). The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…
Normal Spinal AnatomyThe series of bones and discs that surround and support the spinal cord in the back are collectively referred to as the…
Spine PathologyThere are several forms of spinal pathology that can affect the proper function of the spinal column and spinal cord.…
Shoulder ReplacementThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…
Spinal Fusion SurgerySpinal fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts and metal…
Shoulder Replace with ZoomThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…
TMJ ReplacementThe tempormandibular joint (TMJ) surfaces are formed by the skull and the the jaw. The surfaces are covered by…
Wrist ReplacementThe wrist joint surfaces are formed by the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Ankle ReplacementThe ankle joint surfaces are formed by the tibia, fibula and talus. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.
Certain…Elbow ReplacementThe elbow joint surfaces are made up of the humerus, radius, and ulna. The joint surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Finger ReplacementThe finger joint surfaces are formed by the proximal phalanx and metacarpal bones. The surfaces are covered by…Hip ReplacementThe hip joint is a ball and socket joint formed by the pelvis and femur (thigh bone). The joint surfaces are covered by…Disc ReplacementThe spine is made up of bones called vertebrae. The space between each vertebra is filled by an intervertebral disc…Intervertebral DiscsIntervertebral discs are fibro-cartilaginous discs that lie between the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae of the…Knee ReplacementThe knee joint surfaces are formed by the femur, tibia, and patella (not shown). The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Normal Spinal AnatomyThe series of bones and discs that surround and support the spinal cord in the back are collectively referred to as the…Spine PathologyThere are several forms of spinal pathology that can affect the proper function of the spinal column and spinal cord.…Shoulder ReplacementThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…Spinal Fusion SurgerySpinal fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts and metal…Shoulder Replace with ZoomThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…TMJ ReplacementThe tempormandibular joint (TMJ) surfaces are formed by the skull and the the jaw. The surfaces are covered by…Wrist ReplacementThe wrist joint surfaces are formed by the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…