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There are several forms of spinal pathology that can affect the proper function of the spinal column and spinal cord. These include aging and degeneration, spinal trauma, spinal deformities, and cancers.
Aging and degeneration affect the condition of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. These conditions can be progressive and may be related to trauma and nutrition. Discs can degenerate over time and become more susceptible to developing bulges or herniations. Osteophytes, or bone spurs, are bony projections that can form on vertebrae after a disk disease. Osteoporosis reduces bone mineral density and causes bones to weaken.
Spinal trauma, such as vertebral fractures, can be caused by traumatic injuries. Vertebrae are more susceptible to fracture if they have previously undergone the aging and degenerative effects of osteoporosis.
Spinal deformities such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis affect the shape and curvature of the spinal column. Scoliosis refers to an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Kyphosis is a curving of the upper (thoracic) spine that causes a hunched back or slouching position. Lordosis is an extreme curvature the lower back (lumbar) spine that cause swayback posture.
Cancers that can form in the spinal column can originate from either bony or nervous tissue.
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Ankle ReplacementThe ankle joint surfaces are formed by the tibia, fibula and talus. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.
Certain…
Elbow ReplacementThe elbow joint surfaces are made up of the humerus, radius, and ulna. The joint surfaces are covered by cartilage.…
Finger ReplacementThe finger joint surfaces are formed by the proximal phalanx and metacarpal bones. The surfaces are covered by…
Hip ReplacementThe hip joint is a ball and socket joint formed by the pelvis and femur (thigh bone). The joint surfaces are covered by…
Disc ReplacementThe spine is made up of bones called vertebrae. The space between each vertebra is filled by an intervertebral disc…
Intervertebral DiscsIntervertebral discs are fibro-cartilaginous discs that lie between the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae of the…
Knee ReplacementThe knee joint surfaces are formed by the femur, tibia, and patella (not shown). The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…
Normal Spinal AnatomyThe series of bones and discs that surround and support the spinal cord in the back are collectively referred to as the…
Shoulder ReplacementThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…
Spinal Fusion SurgerySpinal fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts and metal…
Shoulder Replace with ZoomThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…
TMJ ReplacementThe tempormandibular joint (TMJ) surfaces are formed by the skull and the the jaw. The surfaces are covered by…
Wrist ReplacementThe wrist joint surfaces are formed by the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Ankle ReplacementThe ankle joint surfaces are formed by the tibia, fibula and talus. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.
Certain…Elbow ReplacementThe elbow joint surfaces are made up of the humerus, radius, and ulna. The joint surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Finger ReplacementThe finger joint surfaces are formed by the proximal phalanx and metacarpal bones. The surfaces are covered by…Hip ReplacementThe hip joint is a ball and socket joint formed by the pelvis and femur (thigh bone). The joint surfaces are covered by…Disc ReplacementThe spine is made up of bones called vertebrae. The space between each vertebra is filled by an intervertebral disc…Intervertebral DiscsIntervertebral discs are fibro-cartilaginous discs that lie between the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae of the…Knee ReplacementThe knee joint surfaces are formed by the femur, tibia, and patella (not shown). The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…Normal Spinal AnatomyThe series of bones and discs that surround and support the spinal cord in the back are collectively referred to as the…Spine PathologyThere are several forms of spinal pathology that can affect the proper function of the spinal column and spinal cord.…Shoulder ReplacementThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…Spinal Fusion SurgerySpinal fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts and metal…Shoulder Replace with ZoomThe shoulder joint surfaces are formed by the humerus (arm bone) and the scapula. The surfaces are covered by…TMJ ReplacementThe tempormandibular joint (TMJ) surfaces are formed by the skull and the the jaw. The surfaces are covered by…Wrist ReplacementThe wrist joint surfaces are formed by the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. The surfaces are covered by cartilage.…